Disseminated hydatid disease, the american journal of. Disseminated hydatid disease causing paraplegia and. The disease commonly affects the liver 65%, and less frequently the lungs 25%1. We herein reported a very rare case of lung hydatidosis as a result of disseminated hydatid cysts from intra. A fistulous communication developed between one of the hydatid cysts present in the retrovesical region and the bladder, because of which the patient presented with hydatiduria. The abdomen showed bimanually palpable and ballotable masses in the loin suggestive of renal mass. Disseminated hydatidosis with rare presentation as.
A cestode, echinococcus granulosus usually causes cystic echinococcosis. In our patient, the presence of perihepatic adhesions, as well as omental and tubal hydatid cysts, pointed to a diagnosis of hydatid cyst of the liver as the primary lesion. We present a case of primary disseminated abdominal hd presenting with the complaint of a pain in the epigastric region along with intermittent fever. Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease of tapeworms of the echinococcus type. The disease often starts without symptoms and this may last for years. Mostly, hydatid cyst is primarily in liver 75% and lung 15%. Primary disseminated hydatid disease of the vertebral body. Case report disseminated alveolar hydatid disease resembling a metastatic malignancy. Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation by echinococcus granulosus, which involves the liver and lungs primarily. Breast lump as a presentation of a hydatid disease. Disseminated hydatid disease disseminated hydatid disease canda, aras emre 20090701 00.
Less common forms include polycystic echinococcosis and unicystic echinococcosis. Seventeen years after the spinal surgery, he was referred to our. An extensive electronic search of the relevant literature was performed using medline and the cochrane library. Echinococcus granulosus, resulting in the disease cystic echinococcosis. The surface was irregular and a diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease was considered.
However, disseminated tuberculosis and echinococcosis are benign conditions that can mimic an ovarian malignancy. The patient was referred to the urology department for further management. Disseminated alveolar hydatid disease resembling a metastatic malignancy. Hydatid disease is a disease caused by ingesting larva of the parasite known as echinococcus. Hydatid disease from head to toe1 learning objectives for test 6 after reading this article and taking the test, the reader will be able to. Hydatid cysts of the liver diagnosis, complications and treatment 107 3. Discuss the roles of us, ct, and mr imaging in the diagnosis of hydatid disease. This condition is more likely to be fatal than the disease caused by e. Hydatid disease is one of the most geographically widespread zoonoses with substantial disease burden. In this case, an elderly female got infected by echinococcus and presented with disseminated disease. Introduction echinococcosis hydatid disease is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of taenia echinococcosis, where humans are the accidental intermediate host and animals are both intermediate and definitive hosts.
The mediterranean basin is an important endemic area 6,7. All four hc types can be seen in the liver, with the right lobe being the most common site of involvement. In this report we are discussing an unusual case of intraabdominal hd that was ongoing for 22 years despite two surgical interventions. We present a rare case of disseminated primary hydatid disease involving the vertebral body and extensive extradural paravertebral soft tissue causing cord compression. Disseminated hydatidosis is a rare disease and may involve any organ of the human body. Significant symptomatic relief was achieved within the first two months of combination therapy with albendazole and praziquantel. Introduction hydatid disease, human infection with the larval stage of tapeworms of the. The spread of hydatid disease can be associated with the lymphatic or systemic circulation 8.
There are two main species of the echinococcus tapeworm 1,2. Humans do not play a role in the biological cycle of e. Infestation by hydatid disease in humans most commonly occurs in the liver 5570% followed by the lung 1835%. After surgery, the echinococcosis disseminated and he developed chronic lytic and sinusdraining hydatid disease of the left. Here, we report the case of a patient with disseminated cystic echinococcosis, who had a complicated clinical course due to a delayed diagnosis and. The former is commonly seen in the great grazing regions of the worldparticularly the mediterranean region, africa, south america, the middle east, australia, and new zealandand is. Long term followup of a patient with disseminated spinal hydatidosis. The two species have different life cycles, clinical presentations, natural histories and management.
Multiple intracranial lesions can result from rupture of an initial single intracranial cyst in cystic echinococcosis or from dissemination of systemic disease of the lung, liver or heart cystic and alveolar echinococcosis. Among these cases, there were only 3 cases of disseminated echinococcosis, involving more than 2 organs 46. Successful management of these patients and possible routes for abdominopelvic dissemination of the disease are discussed. A 75yearold man presented with straining and increased frequency at micturition for a week and abdominal distension for 2 months. Hydatid cysts of the liver diagnosis, complications and. Primary peritoneal hydatid cyst disease is a rare phenomenon. Nearly 30% of these oncospheres escape from the hepatic filter and settle in the lungs, which are the second most commonly involved organ. Nagpal v, kohli k, chowdhary a, kumar a, andley m, ravi b. The disease is endemic in certain parts of the world. Four species of echinococcus produce infection in humans. Disseminated hydatidosis is an infrequent condition that usually results from the rupture of a liver cyst, with subsequent seeding of protoscolices in the abdominal cavity2.
Hydatid disease, caused by echinococcus granulosus, is a common parasitic infection of the liver. The swelling was diffuse but prominent over both the flanks. Introduction echinococcosis hydatid disease is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of taenia echinococcosis, where humans are the accidental intermediate host and animals are both intermediate and. There are four types of hydatid cysts hcs with various levels of organ involvement. The term hydatid disease covers infection with two separate species. Cystic echinococcosus has a world wide geographical distribution. Ecchinococcosis is caused by infection with the metacestode stage of the tapeworm echinococcus. The patient under examination had been having a complaint of cough and lowgrade fever for the last one year.
Primary disseminated extrahepatic abdominal hydatid cyst. These findings strongly suggested the diagnosis of disseminated hydatid disease and it was confirmed by serological tests for echinococcus granulosus. Hydatid cysts result from infection by the echinococcus species, and can result in cyst formation anywhere in the body. Send by email view as pdf send by post hydatid disease also known as hydatidosis or echinococcosis is a potentially serious, sometimes fatal, condition caused by cysts containing the larval stages of the echinococcus granulosus e. This article presents an unusual case of double benign pathology of an ovarian. The two main types of the disease are cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis. Pathology hydatid cyst structure a primary cyst in the liver is composed of three layers. Discussion hydatid cysts hcs result from infection by the echinococcus worm, and can result in cyst formation anywhere in the body 17. Department of internal medicine, university of cape town, cape town, south africa. An imported case of disseminated echinococcosis in korea. Abdominopelvic masses with ascites, peritoneal disease, pleural effusion, and elevated serum ca125 levels in a patient raises the clinical suspicion of advanced ovarian cancer. Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation by echinococcus granulosus characterized by cyst formation in various organs.
Disseminated hydatid disease, also known as disseminated abdominal hydatidosisis, is a rare presentation of hydatid disease. Paikos2 1ophthalmology department, athens university, attikon hospital 2ophthalmology department, agia sofia childrens hospital, athens greece introduction hydatid disease is endemic in most sheepraising countries in. Humans can only be infected by echinococcus if they have a close contact with animals. Echinococcal disease is caused by infection with the metacestode stage of the tapeworm echinococcus, which belongs to the family taeniidae. Secondary involvement due to hematogenous dissemination may be found in almost any anatomic location. Disseminated hydatid cyst of liver and lung bmj case reports. After surgery, the echinococcosis disseminated and he developed chronic lytic and sinusdraining hydatid disease of the left hip and neuromuscular weakness of the left lower extremity. The patient was treated with surgical decompression of the spine and spinal stabilization was achieved using implants followed by antihelminthic therapy using oral albendazole. Severe disseminated hydatid disease successfully treated medically with prolonged administration of albendazole ntobeko a. Multiorgan involvement and the aggressive appearance of lesions make alveolar hydatid disease easy to confuse. Management of cystic echinococcosis complications and. Hydatid cyst can affect many organs, but liver is the most common site, followed by lungs. Disseminated peritoneal hydatidosis following blunt. Hydatid disease is a worldwide zoonosis produced by the larval stage of the echinococcus tapeworm, fig 1.
Disseminated abdominopelvic intraperitoneal hydatid. It can cause a variety of complications in the liver. Disseminated alveolar hydatid disease resembling a. The symptoms and signs that occur depend on the cysts location and size. Rupture of hydatid cyst into abdominal cavity, causing multifocal dissemination, is uncommon complication affecting 2 12% of patients. Dissemination of hd may occur following rupture of the hydatid cyst into the peritoneal cavity. Secondary peritoneal disease usually occurs as a result of either traumatic or surgical rupture, as in this case, of a primary hepatic or splenic cyst. Cureus disseminated hydatid disease in a child involving. The authors report a case of disseminated hydatid disease involving multiple organs simultaneously in a 7yearold child from kabul, afghanistan.
A diagnostic challenge a report of two cases mesutbulakci, 1 erdemyilmaz, 1 ferhatcengel, 2 ahmetgocmez, 1 mervegulbizkartal, 1 eminegoknurisik, 3 erhancelenk, 1 gulcinyegen, 4 andartursalmaslioglu 1 department of radiology, istanbul faculty of medicine, istanbul university, millet caddesi, capa. Peritoneal hydatidosis is almost always secondary to hepatic disease, although some unusual cases of primary peritoneal hydatidosis have been described. The authors report a case of disseminated hydatid disease involving multiple. Figure 1disseminated abdominal, retroperitoneal, and pelvic hydatid disease.
Pdf hydatid disease is one of the commonest parasitic infections of the liver. Hydatid disease hd is a unique parasitic disease that primarily affects the liver and is endemic in many parts of the world. Infection with echinococcus leads to the development of cysts in various organs. Disseminated intraabdominal hydatid disease may occur with the rupture of the hydatid cyst into the peritoneal cavity, producing secondary echinococcosis. Discussion intraperitoneal hydatid disease is seen in % of all cases. In our case, there was a history of the rupture of a mesenteric cystic lesion during surgery. Disseminated hydatid disease mistaken for polycystic kidney disease by ultrasound. Disseminated cerebral hydatid disease multiple intracranial. The two main types of hydatid disease are caused by e granulosus and e multilocularis. Disseminated abdominal hydatidosis sir, human hydatid disease results from infection with larval form of echinococcus granulosus. Intracranial echinococcosis is relatively uncommon and usually occurs in the context of echinococcal lesions elsewhere in the body, mostly liver and lung. It primarily involves the liver but can be disseminated to other organs like the lungs and the brain by hematogenous route.
A patient who had had been treated by surgery for spinal echinococcosis in a mediterranean country emigrated to northern europe. Most infections in humans are asymptomatic, but ce, also known as hydatid disease, causes. Hydatid cyst disease can occurs in liver 63%, lungs 25%, muscles 5%, bone 3%, kidney 2%, brain 1%, spleen 1%. Unusual presentation of severely disseminated and rapidly. Severe disseminated hydatid disease successfully treated. Consumption of contaminated vegetables and contact with infected animals or contaminated soil are the transmission routes to humans, who act as accidental hosts. Hydatid disease from head to toe rsna publications online. Disseminated hydatid disease heart, brain, lung and. Pdf disseminated alveolar hydatid disease resembling a. Describe the imaging features of hydatid disease in various anatomic locations. Since then, 38 echinococcosis cases have been reported, most from endemic areas. Disseminated hydatid disease heart, brain, lung and vascular involvement a rare case report international journal of research in health sciences, 2014, 2, 2, 650653.
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